Ketimpangan Fiskal dan Ekonomi: Kesenjangan Dalam Pembentukan IPM di Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55338/jeama.v4i3.688Keywords:
Pembangunan Manusia, Belanja Kesehatan, Belanja Pendidikan, Kinerja Ekonomi, Data PanelAbstract
Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh belanja publik di sektor kesehatan dan pendidikan, serta kinerja ekonomi daerah, terhadap pembangunan manusia di Indonesia, yang diukur melalui Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami kontribusi sektor-sektor tersebut terhadap kualitas hidup dan kapabilitas manusia. Dengan menggunakan data panel provinsi selama periode 2015–2024, analisis regresi berganda diterapkan untuk menguji pengaruh belanja kesehatan, belanja pendidikan, dan Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) terhadap IPM. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa belanja kesehatan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap IPM, sedangkan belanja pendidikan dan PDRB tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan. Temuan ini menyimpulkan bahwa peningkatan IPM di Indonesia lebih dipengaruhi oleh kebijakan belanja kesehatan yang efektif daripada pertumbuhan ekonomi atau belanja pendidikan. Penelitian ini memberikan implikasi bahwa strategi pembangunan manusia di Indonesia perlu difokuskan pada alokasi belanja sosial yang tepat sasaran dan berbasis kinerja.
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